Due to similarities in between descriptions of Njrr in Gylfaginning and descriptions of Bieka-Galles in 18th century missionary reports, Axel Olrik identified this deity as the result of influence from the seafaring North Germanic peoples on the landbound Saami. The 13th century Danish writer Saxo Grammaticus compiled the history of his country in a book entitled Gesta Danorum. 1964. According to several written records, Freyr was the son of Njord and his sister, who was not named in those records. The Norse believed that Njords importance would not diminish over time, either. Considering that Ullsfjord and Balsfjord are located in Arctic Norway, which is bathed by the majestic Midnight Sun in the summer and is heavily snowed-in in the winter, the presence of these two Gods might not be all that surprising all thing considered. [4] Simek, Rudolf. While some believe that the deitys gender changed, others believe that Nerthus may be a form of Njords unnamed sister, similar to the pairing of Freyr and Freyja. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. This page was last edited on 5 January 2023, at 17:08. Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway, MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository), Mythological Norse people, items and places, List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe, Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Njrr&oldid=1133249884, Articles containing Old Norse-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 21:58. 1964. (Definitive Guide!) In the Lokasenna, one of the poems in the Poetic Edda, the goddess Frigg is called Fjrgyns mr. After his journey, Skrnir meets Gerr and her family living in a hall and tending to animals in the daylight, protected by a fence and dogs. [5] This phrase can be literally translated as Fjorgynns maiden, which could mean either Fjorgynns daughter or Fjorgynns mistress. The medieval Icelandic historian Snorri Sturluson claimed that Frigg was Fjorgynns daughter,[6] but Snorri cant be taken at face value. In Norse mythology, Varr (Old Norse: [wir], possibly "wide ruler", sometimes anglicized as Vidar / v i d r /, Vithar, Vidarr, and Vitharr) is a god among the sir associated with vengeance. [1][2], The original meaning of the name is contested, but it may be related to the Irish word nert which means "force" and "power". This famous trickster deity might not be viewed as traditionally powerful but was nonetheless powerful in many other ways. Mengl has often been theorized as the goddess Freyja, and according to this theory, Svafrorinn would therefore be Njrr. Njord was a god of the Vanir, a separate group of gods associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the ability to see the future. She was as unhappy with the cries of the seagulls as her husband had been with the howling of the wolves. Following this, a beaker is drank for the king, and then a toast is given for departed kin. There is a lot we modern people simply don't know about the world the Norsemen lived in. Freyja is introduced as a daughter of Njrr, and as the priestess at the sacrifices. [41], One of the Vanir, a group of gods within Norse mythology, "Njord" redirects here. But the primary god of the sea and winds in Norse mythology was the lesser known deity Njord.A complex and multifaceted god like all the Norse deities, as well as being a god of seafaring, Njord was also a god of wealth. In the Prose Edda, Njrr is introduced in chapter 23 of the book Gylfaginning. They play no active part in the surviving mythological tales. Fjorgynn (pronounced roughly FIOR-gen with a hard g) and Fjorgyn (pronounced roughly the same) are a divine pair in Norse mythology. [5] Njrr's name appears in a word for sponge; Njararvttr (Old Norse: Njararvttr, "Njrr's glove"). Freyja, however, is often said to have been the daughter of Njords famous marriage to the jtun, or giantess, Skai. Svafrorinn: Another Norse deity, he appears in only one surviving line of poetry. In this account, rymr's estate is presented as wealthy, with him holding dogs on golden leashes and telling that has cattle with golden horns in his stables and many jewels, with Freyja being the only thing he lacked. [19], "Vidar" redirects here. It is believed that Vidar was the strongest among all men or gods, except for Thor. After all, they needed some way to explain the natural wonderment of the fjords in Norway, so they turned to a collection of gods and goddesses as the answer. [12] In chapter 33, after returning from Asgard and feasting with the gods, gir invites the gods to come to his hall in three months. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) Njord (also anglicized as Njorth) was the god of ships and seafaring, as well as the god of wealth and prosperity (both things the sea can provide in abundance). [25] It has been further noted that in Eddic sources, it seems that jtnar are located to some extent in all directions and that they can be reached if one travels sufficiently far away from the area inhabited by people. "[33], Scholar Georges Dumzil further cites various tales of havmennesker (Norwegian: "sea people") who govern over sea weather, wealth, or, in some incidents, give magic boats, and proposes that they are historically connected to Njrr. While Njord has some superficial similarities to sea gods from other pantheons, he appears to be a uniquely Scandinavian character. I am the owner and chief researcher at this site. The Aesir gods largely follow established Indo-European archetypes. "Le dieu Scandinave Vidarr". [6] Snorri Sturluson. So this passage tells us nothing about Fjorgynn except that he slept with Frigg. Njord (pronounced NYORD; Old Norse Njrr, whose meaning/etymology is unknown) is one of the principal gods of the Vanir tribe of deities. Njord, or Njrr, is the father of two of the more famous and beloved Nordic deities - Freyja and Freyr. Njrd, Old Norse Njror, in Norse mythology, the god of the wind and of the sea and its riches. A wide range of TV shows, movies, books and video games have been inspired by the Norse gods and their many fascinating adventures. Please confirm that you are above legal drinking age in your country. Upon reaching Iunn, Loki turned her into a nut and flew away with her in his talons. Dumzil theorizes that these myths of Fenrir vs. Varr and Bali vs. Vishnu may have a common origin in an Indo-European god of spatiality, similar but distinct from the hypothetical framing or entry / exit god that spawned Janus and Heimdallr. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Loki thought the matter would end there, but Asgard was soon visited by Thiazis daughter, Skai. In both mythology and history, Njords influence extended well beyond the time of the Viking Age. The Poetic Edda. [11], Njrr is referenced in stanza 22 of the poem rymskvia, where he is referred to as the father of the goddess Freyja. All rights reserved. The marriage failed because Njrd preferred to live in Natn, his home by the sea, while Skadi was happier in her fathers mountain dwelling place. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Hadingus married Regnhild, who was allowed to choose her husband from among the men at a feast based on the appearance of his feet alone. There are also many areas of overlap between those deities and the Hindu storm god Parjanya. In chapter 29, Varr is introduced by the enthroned figure of High as "the silent god" with a thick shoe, that he is nearly as strong as the god Thor, and that the gods rely on him in times of immense difficulties. He decreed that she would have to choose her husband without seeing any part of him but his feet. only nine nights. Two of the names of these daughters are given; the eldest Rveig and the youngest Kreppvr.[13]. [24], Njrr appears in or is mentioned in three Kings' sagas collected in Heimskringla; Ynglinga saga, the Saga of Hkon the Good and the Saga of Harald Graycloak. In her excitement, she forgot the galdr and the shard remained lodged in Thor's head. [3] The name Njrr may be related to the name of the Norse goddess Njrun. In: Pluskowski, Aleks. "[7] In stanza 43, the creation of the god Freyr's ship Skblanir is recounted, and Freyr is cited as the son of Njrr. The connection between the two is due to the linguistic relationship between Njrr and the reconstructed *Neruz,[2] "Nerthus" being the feminine, Latinized form of what Njrr would have looked like around 1 CE. When the gods tired of his bragging, they called for Thor. The Prose Edda. [29] Chapter 28 quotes verse where the kenning "Njrr-of-roller-horses" is used for "sailor". Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. They had taken a torch and were fishing with live bait. Njord was therefore an important god in the daily lives of many Scandinavians. [26] Chapter 8 states that Njrr married a woman named Skai, though she would not have intercourse with him. The gods, watching from their walls, saw Thiazi approaching quickly enough to overtake Loki. He lives in Asgard in a house named Natn (Ship-enclosure . Folk belief in Njord persisted in some areas long after the Scandinavian kingdoms were officially Christianized. Ive also written a popular list of The 10 Best Norse Mythology Books, which youll probably find helpful in your pursuit. While the Gesta Danorum contains valuable historic information, it also incorporates elements of legend. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. [21] In chapter 37, Freyja is again referred to as Njrr's daughter in a verse by the 12th century skald Einarr Sklason. He proved his power during Ragnarok when he killed Lokis giant wolf-son, Fenrir. [5] Towards the end of the poem, in the section describing the onset of Ragnark, they are mentioned as follows: In the prose prologue Skrnisml, while sitting on Hliskjlf, Freyr sees Gerr, the daughter of Gymir, in Jtunheimar and falls in love with her. The Gods Balder and Ullr have quite a few places named after them in Southern Norway and Sweden, where Norsemen most definitely lived in the Viking Age but Ullsfjord and Balsfjord are unique for being located so far North, 500 kilometers over the Arctic circle has never been explained. [18][19], Jtunheimar, along with other lands such as Hel, constitute "the otherworld" in Eddic sources that is either journeyed to or from, often leading to a confrontation that forms the basis for the narrative. Additionally, the sir send Mmir in exchange for the wise Kvasir. The terms Jtunheimr (in Old Norse orthography: Jtunheimr [jtonhimz]; often anglicised as Jotunheim) or Jtunheimar refer to either a land or multiple lands in Nordic mythology inhabited by the jtnar. The Yule wreath was a giant wheel that the Vikings set on fire and threw down a hill to wish for the return of the Sun. Njrr is described as a future survivor of Ragnark in stanza 39 of the poem Vafrnisml. He had virtually no influence from gods outside of the Norse world, leading some historians to conclude that the Vanir represented native gods of the North who developed independently of Germanic tradition. Njord is a god of the sea, seafaring, fishing, marine winds, wealth, and the seemingly unrelated crop fertility. After a long war, they had settled on a truce and exchanged high-ranking hostages to ensure the peace. [9] At a point in dialogue between the skaldic god Bragi and gir, Snorri himself begins speaking of the myths in euhemeristic terms and states that the historical equivalent of Varr was the Trojan hero Aeneas who survived the Trojan War and went on to achieve "great deeds". Balder appears in the Norse myths as the victim of the machinations of the God Loki. In any cases, there is no denying, Gods or no Gods, that these beautiful fjords, located in one of the most pristine and majestic regions in Norway definitely can feelout of this world. Unfortunately, those two throwaway mentions are Fjorgynns only appearances in Old Norse literature. He transformed into a falcon and hurried back to Jtenheim to rescue the goddess from a forced marriage to Thiazi. Looking for more great information on Norse mythology and religion? He managed to win countless battles, many of which occurred while he had only one arm. Thor was tasked with guarding Asgard, the stronghold of the gods and goddesses. [10], Later in the book, various kennings are given for Varr, including again the "silent As", "possessor of the iron shoe", "enemy and slayer of Fenrisulf", "the gods' avenging As", "father's homestead-inhabiting As", "son of Odin", and "brother of the sir". [14], Sleep I could not [5] The Poetic Edda. "[31], In chapter 80 of the 13th century Icelandic saga Egils saga, Egill Skallagrmsson composes a poem in praise of Arinbjrn (Arinbjarnarkvia). In the Viking Age, seafaring was also a source of material wealth. [8][9][10], In rymskvia, Loki uses Freyja's fjarhamr to fly to rymr's home in jtunheimar to find Thor's hammer. He ended up being so powerful that he managed to be one of the few Norse gods that actually survived Ragnarok. Here we have a replication of a deep-seated concept rather than a set of storybook-like discrete deities. Indeed, Thor himself was, among other things, a god of storms and weather. [14], High states that afterward Skai went back up to the mountains to rymheimr and recites a stanza where Skai skis around, hunts animals with a bow, and lives in her fathers old house. Njord was the god of the sea in Norse mythology. Dumzil, Georges. High continues that Njrr is very wealthy and prosperous, and that he can also grant wealth in land and valuables to those who request his aid. [17] Parallels have been drawn between chapter 31 of Tacitus' 1st century CE work Germania where Tacitus describes that members of the Chatti, a Germanic tribe, may not shave or groom before having first slain an enemy. Etymologists have been able to identify only a few gods from nearby cultures that may be linked to Njord. As the god of the sea, Njord was an important deity in Norse culture. Speaking of the god of thunder, Thor is one of the most well-known Norse gods, which is largely due to the popularity of his character in the Marvel movies. Historians believe this detail of the story was influenced by the transference of Njord to the Aesir. home among the wise Vanir. Njord is a Vanir God and the father of Freya and Freyr in Norse mythology. In the 19th century, researchers who were looking for traces of ancient Pagan beliefs were very much interested in place-names, especially those carrying the names of ancient Gods. Njords promise of luck did not extend to his own marriage, however. Expecting to choose the god Baldr by the beauty of the feet she selects, Skai instead finds that she has picked Njrr.[19]. [2] Consequently, Nerthus has been identified with Njrr's unnamed sister with whom he had Freyja and Freyr, which is mentioned in Lokasenna. And his association with ships - especially . After Njrr's reign, his son Freyr replaces him, and he is greatly loved and "blessed by good seasons like his father. [8] In the prose introduction to the poem Skrnisml, Freyr is mentioned as the son of Njrr, and stanza 2 cites the goddess Skai as the mother of Freyr. One of her demands was that she be allowed to marry one of the gods of the Aesir. There is, however, very little that survives of other groups of the Norse pantheon, like the Vanir gods for example. [16] In chapter 37, after Freyr has spotted the beautiful jtunn Gerr, he becomes overcome with sorrow, and refuses to sleep, drink, or talk. Types of gods. Norse God of the Sea. [6] According to the standard model, glaciers formed in pre-glacial valleys with a gently sloping valley floor. His death kickstarts the advent of the war between the Gods and the Giants, the famous Ragnark. In Norse mythology, the three burial mounds represent Thor, Odin, and Freyr. Despite this paucity of literary descriptions, though, other forms of evidence show us that he was once a very widely-worshiped god amongst the Norse.[4]. Njrr has himself "marked for" Odin and he dies in his bed. 1993. High further states that Njrr's wife is Skai, that she is the daughter of the jtunn jazi, and recounts a tale involving the two. He was the father of ten children and his second wife was the giantess Skadi. Ullsford Kommune on the Norwegian Online encyclopedia, Balsfjord on the Norwegian Online encyclopedia. 2023 Fjord Tours AS, Nordre Nstekaien 1, N-5011 Bergen, Fjord Tours is a member of Norway's Travel Guarantee Fund. Nordic and Nautical, he is in charge of Fire, Wind and Sea. References to either of these giants and/or deities in Old Norse literature are few and far between. References to him in Old Norse literature are even sparser than those to his female counterpart. In Norse mythology, Varr (Old Norse: [wir], possibly "wide ruler",[1] sometimes anglicized as Vidar /vidr/, Vithar, Vidarr, and Vitharr) is a god among the sir associated with vengeance. [21], Jtnar are typically found in the North and East, with explicit references to jtunheimar locating them in the North, however in Gylfaginning, Snorri Sturluson writes that after the killing of Ymir, the gods gave the shores around the world to the jtnar to settle, suggesting a worldview in which Midgard is located centrally and that the jtnar dwell in the periphery, likely in contrast with how contemporary Icelanders would have viewed wilderness. (Although some claim she was really his sister or even a part-time hermaphrodite. A true fjord is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by ice segregation and abrasion of the surrounding bedrock. The Vanir god Njord lived in Natn (Old Norse: Njrr; meaning: "ship-enclosure"). What made this god of light and purity so powerful was not only his status as the half-brother of Thor but also his ability to be impervious to everything on earth except for mistletoe. These fjords are the fjords of the ancient Norse Gods. While few outside beliefs seem to have influenced the development of Njord and the Vanir gods, he provided direct inspiration for a later piece of Danish folklore. The Old Norse Language and How to Learn It, The Swastika Its Ancient Origins and Modern (Mis)use. Therefore, everything that we know about them has to be cobbled together from passing references and the study of comparative religion. King Hadingus, who was said to have ruled during the Viking Age, is one such ruler. While he was not especially strong, he was directly or indirectly responsible for the death of numerous Norse gods and goddesses, including providing the deadly mistletoe that killed Balder, making him a very powerful force. Ancient Origins - Njord: The Tumultuous Marriage of a Norse God of the Sea and a Goddess Giantess, Njord - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). For their part, the Vanir send to the sir their most "outstanding men"; Njrr, described as wealthy, and Freyr, described as his son, in exchange for the sir's Hnir. Back in the mists of pre-Norse paganism he was apparently a female goddess of Fertility known as Nerthus. Jnsson (1913:110) and Magnsson (1989:671). This is followed by an excerpt from a composition by the 11th century skald rr Sjreksson, explained as containing a reference to Skai leaving Njrr: Gundrun became her son's slayer; the wise god-bride [Skadi] could not love the Van; Kialar [Odin] trained horses pretty well; Hamdir is said not to have held back sword-play.[20]. The story of Njords disastrous marriage began with the trouble caused by the trickster deity Loki. Folklorists believe that this god was influenced by Njord rather than developing independently, however, because the Saami are not traditionally seafaring people. Mistletoe also had mythical importance. Indeed, up until about 1200, All the area East of Troms, including those fjords, was most likely Smi territory. [13] In chapter 75, Varr's name appears twice in a list of sir. Njord was so distinctly Scandivanian that elements of his worship continued long after pagan belief died out in the region. [aesop_image imgwidth=100% img=http://www.bivrost.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Ullr_Balder.jpg align=center lightbox=off caption=The Gods Balder and Ullr according to an Icelandic manuscript from the 17th century captionposition=center]. jazi later finds out that Iunn is gone and he chases after them as an eagle, but is killed as he reached Asgard when he flies into a fire that the gods made. was sent as a hostage to the gods, To Jtenheim to rescue the goddess Freyja, and Freyr Fjorgynns daughter, Skai importance not! Without seeing any part of him but his feet 1, N-5011,! His talons 2023 Fjord Tours as, Nordre Nstekaien 1, N-5011 Bergen, Fjord Tours,! 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